Sender: Karl Long <•••@••.•••> >>Short of reformatting the drive, there is no way to actually >>erase a file from disk. >This is false. Anybody can use the same commonly-available disk utilities >(such as _Norton_) to *really* delete their files. If you want your >deleted data to be safe from los Federales and from your >competitors, you can install a utility that makes your normal file >deletion command secure. What a secure deletion does is zero out all >the bytes of the file before removing that file from the allocation >table. This takes longer than a normal deletion, which is why it >isn't done by default. But it can be done. When a magnetic record such as on a hard disk is overwritten with new data, a residual trace of the previous data still exists. With the right equipment and skill in its use, one can extract the previous data. Each subsequent overwriting reduces the likelyhood of being able to retrieve the target data. I don't know how many overwrites the current state-of-the-art equipment can recover, but it was at least three, ten years ago. In order to make data unrecoverable, you must overwrite it several times (ideally with random data). Utilities such as Norton can make it difficult to recover deleted data, but not impossible. ~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~-~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~ Posted by -- Andrew Oram -- •••@••.••• -- Cambridge, Mass., USA Moderator: CYBER-RIGHTS (CPSR) World Wide Web: http://jasper.ora.com/andyo/cyber-rights/cyber-rights.html http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~hwh6k/public/cyber-rights.html FTP: ftp://jasper.ora.com/pub/andyo/cyber-rights You are encouraged to forward and cross-post messages and online materials, pursuant to any contained copyright & redistribution restrictions. ~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~-~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=~